Tension perpendicular to the grain

Checks a cross-section in tension parallel to the grain according to Clause 6.1.2.

All references to EN 1995-1-1:2004+A2:2014 unless otherwise stated.

Cross-section Inputs tab

Timber strength class

The timber strength class of the cross-section. See the timber database page for the types supported by Teretron.

Cross-section type

The geometry type of the cross-section.

Width $b$

The width of a rectangular cross-section, in mm.

Length $l_v$

The distribution length of the tensile force, in mm.

Area $A$

The area of effect of the tensile force, in a generic cross-section, in ${mm^2}$.

Area reduction $ΔΑ$

The area reduction ΔA refers to reductions in the nominal cross-section size that have to be taken into account in the calculation of the member strength (e.g. holes from fasteners) according to Subclause 5.2(2).

It should be given as a percentage of the total nominal area of the cross-section.

Contribution of the load distribution system in the member strength properties

Includes factor $k_{sys}$ for the calculation of the member strength, according to Clause 6.6, for a member that functions as part of a continuous load distribution system.

Note that Subclause 6.6(3) states that the strength verification for a continuous load distribution system should be carried out assuming short-term load duration.

Loading Inputs tab

Design tensile force $F_{t,90,d}$

The design value of the tensile force acting on the cross-section perpendicular to the grain, in kN.

Factor $k_{h,90}$

Eurocode 5 does not give any specific guidance for the check of tension perpendicular to the grain, simply stating that "The effect of the member size shall be taken into account" (Subclause 6.1.3(1) ).

Teretron runs the following check for Tension Perpendicular To The Grain:

$σ_{t,90,d} ≤ k_{h,90} \times f_{t,90,d}$

Factor $k_{h,90}$ is used in order to satisfy the requirements of Subclause 6.1.3(1). This should be determined by the engineer based on his/her judgement.

Load duration class

The Load Duration Class, as defined in Clause 2.3.1.2.

Service class

The Service Class, taking into account the temperature and relative humidity of the environment, as described in Clause 2.3.1.3.

$k_{mod}$

Factor $k_{mod}$ taking into account the effect of the duration of the loads and the moisture content, according to Clause 3.1.3.

Fire Design tab

Active

Selects if this cross-section will also be designed against fire.

Remaining cross-section $A_{r,fi}$

The remaining cross-section for the fire design time, in $mm_2$.